Sule Muhammad and Sheu Adaramaja Lukman (2026) “Development and Application of Item Response Theory (IRT) in Calibrating Civic Education Test Items among Secondary School Students in Zamfara State, Nigeria”, DIROSAT: Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities, 4(2), pp. 238–247. doi: 10.58355/dirosat.v4i2.232.